neilson



G. NEILSON. VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES.

No. 10,449. Patented Jan. 24, 1854.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEO. NEILSON, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

VENTILATING RAILROAD-CARS.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 10,449, dated January 24, 1854.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE NEILSON, of Boston, in the county of Sufiolkand State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Ventilating Railway-Carriages; and I do hereby declarethat the same is fully described and represented in the followingspecification and the accompanying drajwings, letters, figures, andreferences thereof.

Of the said drawings, Figure 1 denotes a side elevation of a railwaycarriage body having my improvements applied to it. Fig. 2, is alongitudinal, vertical and central section of it. Fig. 3, is ahorizontal section taken through the middle of the windows. Fig. 4 is acentral, vertical and transverse section. Fig. 5, is a horizontalsection of I the air induction apparatus, the said section being takenthrough its receiving mouths and the capillary partitions, to behereinafter described.

In the said drawings, A exhibits the body of the carriage, the wheelsand tracks not being shown;

B, C, D, are the window openings of the side.

On the top of the roof a of the car is placed a box or case E, which hasa passage or pipe, D, leading out of its bottom, and into the interiorof the car body. Within the case, E, are two cisterns or reservoirs F,G, between which there is a space, I, communicating with the pipe, D. Aflap or board, G, is arranged across the middle of the case, E,-andhinged to the upper part of it, as seen at a, so that it may be movedfreely in such manner as that its lower edge may be made to rest incontact with either of the two adjacent sides b, c, of the two cisternsF, G. Within each cistern and ex tending from it to the top of the caseE, I arrange three or any other suitable number of rows of verticalpartitions or boards d, d, d, &c., e, e, e, &c., f, f, f, &c. These rowsare placed at suitable distances apart, and the boards (if one row aredisposed so that they shall be at least equal in width to and oppositeto the spaces between those of the next row as seen in Fig. 5. Theseboards or partitions are'composed in part or in whole of or are coveredwith sponge, or some other proper capillary attractin material, such aswhen the lower ends 0 the boards are dipped in Water placed in thecistern will attract or soak up the water and always keep wet whilethere may be water in their cisterns;

Between each set of their partitions in each cistern and the outer endof each cistern, there is a vertical partition or wall, it, that is madeto extend somewhat above the top of the case E, and to have arrangedwith respect to it, as seen in Fig. 2, an extension of the case, E, anda trumpet mouth or opening, 2', leading into the said extension. Therear part of the extension is provided with one or more openings, 7c,is, to each of which a deflector plate, I, is applied as seen in thedrawings. There is also an opening m,leading out of the top of the case,E, and near to the partition h. For convenience of cleansing thereservoirs I make a portion or portions of the upper part or top of thecase, E, to turn up or down on hinges as seen at 0, 0, Fig. 2.

Each of the partitions, h, is calculated to extend down in the case E,to a short distance from the level of the water in its cistern, whichlevel may be supposed to be at the top of a cross partition,- p, whichmay or may not be placed under the other par tition, its object being topreserve the width of the opening or space, 9, for the passage of theair under the partition, h, and to present an impediment to the passageof large sparks or cinders, into that part of the chamber, E, which isbetween the deflector flap, G, and the said partition, h.

When the car is running on the railway so as to carry either of thetrumpet mouths against the wind, whereby the Wind may be caused to entersuch mouth, such wind will pass from said case E, down the pipe D, andinto the car. Such air in passing through the case, E, will circulateagainst and between the capillary partitions and over the surface of thewater in the cistern containing such partition. The sparks, dust, orcinders that may be floating in the induced current of air, will byinfringement against the capillary partitions be arrested and caught onthem. The air will pass between the capillary partitions and deposit onthem its dust and cinders, and thence enter into the middle part of thecase, E, and strike against the hinged flap, G, and pass down into thecar. Should there be any smoke or light gases in the air after it haspassed under the partition, h, and into the middle of the case, E, suchwill find vent through or pass out of the opening m. In

which ever direction the cars may be moving, there will be a trumpetmouth open to receive the air and convey it into the car, it beingrobbed of its impurities by the puritying apparatus as described. Thisair after passing into the car is calculated to exert a pressure outwardtoward the windows, and in other directions, and by rushing out of thewindow openings it prevents currents of air from flowing into them.

Above and below the range of window openings B, C, D. I arran e twohorizontal boards or troughs K, and between them and on the sides ofeach window, I employ a series of turning blinds, or deflectors M, M, M,&c. Each of these blinds operates in connection with a vertical recessor chamber N, arranged in the side of each window opening and betweenthe window openings as seen in the drawings. Each of the said blinds isso made to turn on pivots or journals (as seen at y, y,) arranged at topand bottom of it, as that it may not only when inclined in onedirection, rest at its inner edge against one of the vertical sides ofthe recess, N, but when inclined in the opposite direction such inneredge may rest against the other vertical side of the recess 72.. Suchpositions of the blinds are denoted in Fig. 3, where they (the blinds)are shown by the black lines as standing in one direction, and by thered lines as standing in the opposite direction.

Each recess N, is to be provided with one or more passages, 1', 7", madefrom it into the car. When the window openings are closed, thesepassages, 1-, 1', not only serve to ventilate the car, but when the caris in motion, currents of air will be produced through them, and causedby the inclined blind to take such directions as will aid in preventingsteam and dust from being blown against the glass of the windows. One ormore of such recesses and hinged blinds may be applied to the bottom ofthe car as seen in Fig. 2, wherein the recess is shown at O, and theturning blind at P. From the recess one or more openings, Q, lead intothe car.

The turning blind M is so suspended, that when the car is still, suchblind will hang in a vertical plane, and when the car is in motion inthe direction of the arrow, a, it (the blind) will stand as denoted bythe black lines, as also when the car is in motion, in the direction ofthe arrow, 12, the blind will take the position the reverse of thatdenoted by the black lines. This disposition of the blind and recessserves to ventilate all that part of the car which is below the windowsor near the floor. and takes off much of the dust that would rise fromthe floor.

What I claim as of my invention, is as follows: I

I claim two or more ranges of sponges or capillary partitions asarranged and combined with the cistern of water and open mouthed case,E, made to communicate with the interior of the car and the surroundingatmosphere and to operate when the car is in movement substantially asspecified.

In testimony whereof, I have hereto set my signature this eleventh dayof March, A. D. 1853.

GEO. NEILSON.

Witnesses:

R. H. EDDY, F. P. HALE, Jr.

